Begomovirus, the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants gossypium hirsutum, is exclusively transmitted by whitefly species bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. This articles factual accuracy may be compromised due to outofdate information. Begomovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family geminiviridae. Cotton leaf curl virus disease cotton leaf curl virus disease briddon, r. Cotton leaf curl multan virus newly reported to be. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a major constraint for cotton production across central pakistan and northwestern areas of india. The sequence comparisons revealed that, this virus isolate share highest nucleotide identity with isolates of cotton leaf curl bangalore virus clcubv ay705380 92. Enation occurs on the leaf which is a small leaf like structure forms under the leaf mainly due to tissue malformation and sometimes due to blockage of veins and hence hindrance in food and water channels. Detection of the cotton leaf curl virus type clcukovbu by pcr. Present investigation comprised two cultivars hs6 and rch 4 bgii susceptible to clcuv used for study on epidemiology, effect of date of sowing and spacing on the incidence of cotton leaf curl disease clcud. Cotton leaf curl is a destructive disease of cotton and several other malvaceous plant species that is transmitted by b. Monga and kishore chand kumhar 2017 screening of cotton germplasm against leaf curl virus disease clcud and role of weeds for its development.
Among them, cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd is one of the significant factors responsible for yield reduction worldwide. The lack of alternative control options has led to the profuse, and often overuse, of pesticides to reduce vector populations. First report of cotton leaf curl virus infecting cotton was from nigeria in 1912. Engineer complete resistance to cotton leaf curl multan. Transcriptomics reveals multiple resistance mechanisms. Cotton leaf curl disease, caused by singlestranded dna viruses of the genus begomovirus family geminiviridae, is a major constraint to cotton cultivation across pakistan and northwestern india. The identification of molecular markers linked to leaf curl virus clcuv disease resistance in cotton has the potential to improve both the efficiency and the efficacy of selection in cotton breeding programs.
This virus has occasionally been detected in cape york peninsula and on the far northern tropical coast of queensland. This epidemic phase was associated with the presence of multiple begomovirus species, the most common of which were cotton leaf curl multan virus and cotton leaf curl kokhran virus clcukov mansoor et al. A cotton leaf curl disease epidemic in the indian subcontinent was first reported in 1967 from multan, pakistan. For experiments with plants at 20 and 35 days postinoculation dpi, whiteflies preferentially settled on. Cotton leaf curl virus disease is not transmitted by jassids, aphids, flea beetles or thrips kirkpatrick, 1931. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease is one of the major limiting factors in cotton production, particularly in widely cultivated gossypium hirsutum varieties that are susceptible to attack by this virus. Cotton leaf curl is a disease of viral origin, transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci. Cai jh, xie k, lin l, qin bx, chen bs, meng jr, et al. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant. During its life cycle, cotton is exposed to about 75 destructive diseases from sowing till harvesting.
Okra leaf curl cameroon virus as of 2015 after ictv. Geminiviral diseases of cotton 127 cotton leaf curl disease a phylogenetic tree based on complete nucleotide sequences of all cotton begomoviruses is shown in figure 3. Genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl disease, its. Frontiers genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl. In asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus clcuv.
Using a large number of samples representative of the major growing regions in burkina faso bf, we show that the disease is associated with a monopartite begomovirus and satellite dna complexes. Plants affected by clcuv develop symptoms including downward or upward leaf curling. Exploration of cotton leaf curl virus resistance genes and. Clcuv transmission occurs in sriganganagar rajasthan, an area endemic with cotton leaf curl disease.
Based on this data, the new chilliinfecting begomovirus in this study is considered to be a member of. Raj s k, khan m s, snehi s k, srivastava s, singh h b, 2006. Wang j, tang y, yang y, ma n, ling x, kan j, he z and zhang b 2016 cotton leaf curl multan virusderived viral small rnas can target cotton genes to promote viral infection. Development of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv diagnostic. A group of whitefly transmitted ssdna viruses with ssdna satellites. Cotton leaf curl multan virusderived viral small rnas can. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by cotton leaf curl viruses clcuvs, is among the most devastating diseases in cotton. Present status of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd. Aug 26, 2019 this epidemic phase was associated with the presence of multiple begomovirus species, the most common of which were cotton leaf curl multan virus and cotton leaf curl kokhran virus clcukov mansoor et al. Presence of the virus is seen in non transgenic cotton plants, with the pcr product of. Plants infected % days after planting variety 62 75 82 97 104 114 22819 9.
To study the inheritance pattern of resistance against the cotton leaf curl virus clcuv in cotton, the cotton leaf curl virus resistant lra5166 and clcuv susceptible s12 cotton cultivars were crossed. Clcuv belongs to genus begomovirus of geminiviridae family and is transmitted by bemisia tabaci. The species pepper leaf curl pakistan virus, squash yellow mild mottle virus, tomato leaf curl indonesia virus and tomato leaf curl pakistan virus appear in earlier publications and lists of the ictv. The disease is caused by one or more whiteflytransmitted. Plant pathology and nematology national cotton council of. C lcuv belongs to genus begomovirus of geminiviridae family and is. Diallel analysis of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is caused by a complex of whiteflytransmitted plant viruses in the genus, begomovirus family, geminiviridae. Cotton leaf curl virus disease is one of the major threats for cotton production and has emerged as a serious disease of cotton in north india. A group of whitefly transmitted ssdna viruses with ssdna satellites, causing leaf curl disease of cotton, vegetables, and ornamentals contents july 28, 20 page executive summary and contributors 1 i. Settling preference of the whitefly bemisia tabaci hemiptera.
Pdf introgression of cotton leaf curl virus resistant. Clones of cotton leaf curl geminivirus induce symptoms. Genetic analysis suggested that clcuv resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. Among the various members of begomovirus species, cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv is the most devastating virus responsible for huge cotton production losses in the northernwestern india subcontinent since the 1980s. Cotton leaf curl virus is not a single species of virus. Nov 01, 2000 cotton leaf curl virus disease cotton leaf curl virus disease briddon, r. Clcud, resistance, upland cotton, biotic stress, whitefly, gemini viruses. Cotton family malvaceae, genus gossypium is one of the most important crops in china. Resistance of different cotton varieties to cotton leaf curl virus under field conditions 44 table 1. They are plant viruses that as a group have a very wide host range, infecting dicotyledonous plants.
Development of cotton leaf curl virus resistant varieties can di. Cumulative mean of cotton leaf curl virus infected plants of different cotton varieties at multan, 1993. The causative agent of cotton leaf curl disease has previously been shown to be transmissible by the whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius and a begomovirus geminiviridae was shown to be associated with the disease. Gossypium hirsutum important cash crop of pakistan. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Regional changes in the sequence of cotton leaf curl. Gossypium robinsonii, an australian wild cotton species is an asymptomatic host of the cotton leaf curl disease pathogen complex, australasian plant disease notes, 2011, pp. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is a plant pathogenic virus of the family geminiviridae.
Weeds may help in maintaining the reservoirs of inoculums of viruses as has been reported for the tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv cohen. Cotton not only provides fiber to textile industry but its seed is used as an important source of edible oil. Cotton leaf curl disease, a viral infection vectored by the whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius, is a major threat to the cotton industry in india and pakistan. Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus disease.
However in 19961997 clcud resistant varieties such as cim 1100, cim 448, cim 446, mnh 554 and vh 53 were evolved but in. Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease. Drastic reduction in yield was observed during 199495 and 200708 due to this disease. Leaf curl virus disease of cotton is caused by a complex of whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses circular, singlestranded dna viruses, referred to as cotton leaf curl virus clcuv complex, and one of several associated dna satellites that contribute to helper virus virulence. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubv, is a major constraint for a successful production of cotton in pakistan. There are currently 424 species in this genus including the type species bean. This is well supported by phylogentic analysis showing, close clustering of the virus isolate with clcubv. Pdf an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant. Artificial micrornamediated resistance against the. The leaf curl disease of cotton crops is primarily managed by the use of pesticide treatments.
The present epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud originated in the punjab region near the city of multan and was first reported in 1985, although it was noted in this region as early as 1967. The disease is of viral origintransmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci, which is difficult to control because of the prevalence of multiple virulent viral strains or related species. Pim7685 is a new clcuvresistant line developed through the use of induced mutation. Effect of cotton leaf curl virus infected plants on the. The reasons for adopting the name leafcurl for the virus disease which is manifested by symptoms of leafcrinkle on certain varieties of cotton, and by mosaic on certain others, are discussed. Chilli leaf curl palampur virus is a distinct begomovirus. Cotton, clcud, epidemiology, agronomy, biochemical parameters, molecular diversity abstract.
Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease is crucial threat for cotton production in pakistan. This disease is difficult to control owing to the occurrence of several virulent viral strains or related species rahman et al. Four newly developed cotton mutants m111, m7662, m358 and m218 were compared for their resistance against cotton leaf curl virus clcuv together with commercial resistant cim443, cim482. Cotton leaf curl multan virus newly reported to be associated with cotton leaf curl disease in china. Frontiers genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl disease. Towards the end of the epidemic phase, clcud almost entirely disappeared from cotton as resistant cotton varieties, developed by. Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf. Leaves of infected cotton curl upward and bear leaflike enations on the underside along with vein thickening. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease in pakistan. It has some alternate hosts where it survives these alternate hosts are tomato, tobacco, lehli, dhatura, okra, china rose etc. Diallel analysis of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease, earliness, yield and fiber traits under clcuv infestation in upland cotton naqib ullah khan department of plant breeding and genetics, the university of agriculture, peshawar 25, pakistan corresponding author. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae in asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus clcuv. The present epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud originated in the punjab region near the city of multan and was first reported in 1985, although it was noted in this. Analysis shows that these are clearly synonyms of the species under which they are listed and proposals to remove them as recognized species will.
Usda research yields cotton resistant to top 20 ag threat. Further studies on leafcurl of cotton in the sudan. Cotton leaf curl virus is a single stranded dna virus. Nov 21, 2017 cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by cotton leaf curl viruses clcuvs, is among the most devastating diseases in cotton. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton leaf curl virus complex begomovirus, geminiviridae. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton. Association of a recombinant cotton leaf curl bangalore.
Expressed sequence tag and rgabased markers have also been used in cotton chee et al. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton leaf. Engineer complete resistance to cotton leaf curl multan virus. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud complex is a debilitating disease of cotton that results in leaf curling, development of leaflike enations on the undersides of leaves, overall stunting of the plant, and reduced yield and quality. In the late 1990s the introduction of resistant cotton varieties developed by conventional breeding methods restored pakistani cotton production. The disease appeared in an epidemic form in the early 1990s in the vicinity of the city of multan, pakistan. Cotton leaf curl disease has been reported from the indian subcontinent and africa affecting tetraploid cotton gossypium hirsutumand g. Gossypium robinsonii, an australian wild cotton species is an. Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a. Cotton leaf curl multan virus newly reported to be associated. Commonly used screening methods include, the exploitation of virus spreader line s12 and white fly as a source of transmission vector shah et al. Nov 01, 2011 more than 15 young farmers of the district have been able to reap a good harvest from the american cotton crop which had been affected badly by a cotton leaf curl virus in early stages of. Cotton leaf curl virus disease in india integrated.
A related virus, tomato leaf curl virus, is endemic in northern australia and causes sporadic losses in tomato crops in the northern territory. Hollyhock leaf crumple virus as of 2015 after ictv. Fm955601 from pakistan infecting rhynchosia capitata, followed by tolcndv 872%, pepper leaf curl bangladesh virus 858% and chilcv 849%. Frontiers cotton leaf curl multan virusderived viral.
Okra leaf curl disease olcd is a major constraint on okra abelmoschus esculentus production and is widespread in africa. This virus was provisionally called cotton leaf curl virus clcuv although no causal relationship between virus and disease was shown. Association of a recombinant cotton leaf curl bangalore virus. Several approaches have been employed to explore putative resistance genes in another cotton species, g. While the widely cultivated cotton species gossypium hirsutum is. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud after its first epidemic in 1912 in nigeria, has spread to different cotton growing countries including united states, pakistan, india, and china. Abutilon brazil virus, abutilon geminivirus, abutilon golden mosaic yucatan virus, abutilon mosaic bolivia virus, abutilon mosaic brazil virus, abutilon mosaic virus, acalypha yellow mosaic siliguri virus, acalypha yellow mosaic virus, african cassava mosaic virus, ageratum yellow vein china virus ox1, ageratum enation virus, ageratum leaf curl cameroon virus, ageratum leaf curl virus. However, the exact mechanisms conferring disease resistance in. Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus. Nigeria in 1912 pakistan is 5th biggest cotton producer country. The sequence had highest 879% identity with an isolate of papaya leaf curl virus palcuv. It has not been found in the major tomato production areas.
Expression of an insecticidal fern protein in cotton. Molecular diversity of cotton leaf curl gezira virus. According to massey and andrews 1932, the first case of leaf curl in the sudan was. Mar 30, 2014 cotton leaf curl virus clcuv geminiviridae. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of decline in. Losses are difficult to assess, but estimates range up to 20% when infection occurs early in the growing season andor with highly susceptible cultivars. In october 2008 and july 2009, some cotton plants were found to develop upward leaf curl symptoms accompanied by thickening and often thick dark greening of leaf veins, leafy enations and stunting in a field of the suburb of nanning city, guangxi, china figs. With increased cultivation of cotton, the disease became widespread, and.
Cultivation of resistant cotton genotypes is the most effective method of reducing yield losses due to clcuv. Introgression of cotton leaf curl virus resistant genes from desi cotton gossypium arboreum l. At this time only cotton varieties with moderate tolerance are available to counter the disease. Paterson2 1nuclear institute for agriculture and biology, p. Department of agriculture usda agricultural research service ars scientists are now available for use in safeguarding u. Settling preference of the whitefly bemisia tabaci. The viruses in cotton, and in okra with leaf curl or yellow vein symptoms, were also detected by pcr with three pairs of clcuv. Detection and relationships of cotton leaf curl virus and allied. Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus. The present epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud originated in the punjab region near the city of multan and was first. Cotton leaf curl virus need not to be afraid of youtube. Cotton leaf curl virus has been responsible for yield loss in all affected cottongrowing areas in africa since its discovery.
The complex of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its associated betasatellite molecule causing cotton leaf curl disease in guangdong province. Worldwide they are responsible for a considerable amount of economic damage to many important crops such as tomatoes, beans, squash, cassava and cotton. Cotton leaf curl virus is a member of begomovirus and family geminiviridae. Caused by cotton leaf curl virus complex begomovirus, geminiviridae. The generations f1, bc1, bc2 and f2 of the said cross were studied for the inheritance of clcuv resistance along with their parents. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity amjad farooq 1, jehanzeb farooq, abid mahmood 1, amir shakeel 2, abdul rehman 3, asia batool 4, muhammad riaz 1, muhammad tasdiq hussain shahid 1 and saira mehboob 4. Cotton is one of the most important crops of pakistan, accounting for over 60% of foreign exchange earnings. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is one of the major biotic constraints of cotton production in pakistan. Twentythree complete genomic sequences of cotton leaf.
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